Sutherland BW, Toews J, Kast J. Utility of formaldehyde cross-linking and mass spectrometry in the study of protein-protein interactions. Journal of mass spectrometry: JMS. 2008;43(6):699–715.
Exposure to formaldehyde
Lang, I., Bruckner, T., Triebig, G. (2008). Formaldehyde and chemosensory irritation in humans: a controlled human exposure study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 50, 23-36. Formaldehyde and chemosensory irritation in humans: A controlled human exposure
Iemaan R et al., Formaldehyde and Brain Disorders: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Approach, Neurotox Res. 2021 June; 39(3): 924–948
Andersen, I. 1979. Formaldehyde in the indoor environment-health implications and the setting of standards
Weber-Tschopp, A., Fischer, T., and Grand jean, E. 1977. Reizwirkungen des Formaldehyds (HCHO) auf den Menschen. Irritating effects of formaldehyde on men. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 39:207–218.
Glass, V.I. 1961. An outbreak of formaldehyde dermatitis. N.Z. Med. J. 60:423–427. [Cumulated Index Medicus 3:A–534, 1962]
Pirila, V., and Kilpio, O. 1949. On dermatitis caused by formaldehyde and its compounds. Ann. Med. Intern. Fenn. 38:38–51
Rostenberg, A., Jr., Bairstow, B., and Luther, T.W. 1952. A study of eczematous sensitivity to formaldehyde. J. Invest. Dermatol. 19:459–462
Kerfoot, E.J., and Mooney, T.F., Jr. 1975. Formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde study in funeral homes. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 36:533–537
Akbar-Khanzadeh F, Vaquerano MU, Akbar-Khanzadeh M, Bisesi MS. Formaldehyde exposure, acute pulmonary response, and exposure control options in a gross anatomy laboratory. American journal of industrial medicine. 1994;26(1):61–75.
Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang X, Dong T, Zeng H, Fan Q. Association between formaldehyde exposure and miscarriage in Chinese women. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jun;96(26):e7146
Mueller, J. U., Bruckner, T., Triebig, G. (2013). Exposure study to examine chemosensory effects of formaldehyde on hyposensitive and hypersensitive males. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 86, 107-17
Exposure to formaldehyde and risk of cancer
Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, December 1981, National Toxicology Program (U.S.), https://books.google.dk/books?id=_4agtgAACAAJ
Michael Hauptmann, Jay H. Lubin, Patricia A. Stewart, Richard B. Hayes, Aaron Blair, Mortality From Lymphohematopoietic Malignancies Among Workers in Formaldehyde Industries, JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 95, Issue 21, 5 November 2003, Pages 1615–1623, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djg083
Hauptmann M, Lubin JH, Stewart PA, Hayes RB, Blair A. Mortality from solid cancers among workers in formaldehyde industries. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Jun 15;159(12):1117-30.
Hauptmann M, Stewart PA, Lubin JH, Beane Freeman LE, Hornung RW, Herrick RF, Hoover RN, Fraumeni JF Jr, Blair A, Hayes RB. Mortality from lymphohematopoietic malignancies and brain cancer among embalmers exposed to formaldehyde. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Dec 16;101(24):1696-708
Vaughan TL, Stewart PA, Teschke K, Lynch CF, Swanson GM, Lyon JL, Berwick M. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and wood dust and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Occup Environ Med. 2000 Jun;57(6):376-84
Vaughan TL, Strader C, Davis S, Daling JR. 1986. Formaldehyde and cancers of the pharynx, sinus and nasal cavity: I. Occupational exposures. Int J Cancer 38(5): 677-683.
Roush GC, Walrath J, Stayner LT, Kaplan SA, Flannery JT, Blair A. Nasopharyngeal cancer, sinonasal cancer, and occupations related to formaldehyde: a case-control study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1987 Dec;79(6):1221-4
National guidelines
National Cancer Institute, NIH, www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/formaldehyde
United States Department of Labour, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), OSHA Fact Sheet, (April 2011), www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/formaldehyde-factsheet.pdf
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Medical Management Guidelines for Formaldehyde, wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=216&toxid=39
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Formaldehyde you’re your health, https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/formaldehyde/
Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, December 1981, National Toxicology Program (U.S.), https://books.google.dk/books?id=_4agtgAACAAJ
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans (2006), Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 0-Tert-Butoxypropan-2-Ol.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 1999. Toxicological Profile for Formaldehyde. Addendum to the Profile for Formaldehyde. 2010. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Public Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts111.pdf
At (2023). Bekendtgørelse om grænseværdier for stoffer og materialer (kemiske agenser) i arbejdsmiljøet. Arbejdstilsynet, BEK nr 202 af 21/02/2023
BAUA (2013). The risk-based concept for carcinogenic substances developed by the Committee for Hazardous Substances From limit-value orientation to an action-oriented approach. Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin. BAuA – baua: Guidance – The risk-based concept for carcinogenic substances developed by the Committee for Hazardous Substances – Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
ECHA (2012). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health. Version 2.1. COVER PAGE (europa.eu)
ECHA (2019a). Worker exposure to formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers. European Chemicals Agency VERSION NUMBER: 1 DATE: 12 July 2019. Link. ac457a0c-378d-4eae-c602-c7cd59abc4c5 (europa.eu)
ECHA (2019b). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Appendix to Chapter R.8: Guidance for preparing a scientific report for health-based exposure limits at the workplace. Version 1.0. f1d45aca-193b-a7f5-55ce-032b3a13f9d8 (europa.eu)
ECHA (2020). Opinion on an Annex XV dossier proposing restrictions on Formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers. Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC); Committee for Socio-economic Analysis (SEAC). ECHA/RAC/RES-O- 0000006740-76-01/F. RAC opinion, adopted 13 March 2020. Revised restriction opinion template version 11/2015 v4 comments from ENV GROW RL SD SK SG (europa.eu)
EU-COM (2022). EU-LCI values. EU-LCI values (europa.eu) and DocsRoom – European Commission (europa.eu)
NIOSH (2018). Appendix A – NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.
CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Formaldehyde
OSHA (2011). OSHA fact sheet. Formaldehyde. OSHA FACTSHEET PPE
OSHA (2021). Web site on Formaldehyde. Link: FORMALDEHYDE | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (osha.gov)
SCOEL (2016). Formaldehyde. Recommendation from the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits. SCOEL/REC/125 formaldehyde – Publications Office of the EU (europa.eu)
US EPA (1981). Formaldehyde; CASRN 50-00-0. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Chemical Assessment Summary. Formaldehyde (CASRN 50- 00-0) | IRIS | US EPA
US EPA (2022). EPA’s IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde (Inhalation). Andrew Kraft and Thomas Bateson. Presentation to the NASEM external peer review panel 10/12/22.
WHO (2010). WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants. Link: WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants
BiopSafe® follows the EU regulation on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, effective from January 1, 2016. BiopSafe® is CE marked and compliant with the Medical Device EU IVD 2017/746 Regulation.
AS PER REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008 (LAST VERSION 14th NOV 2020) OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL: FORMALDEHYDE IS DECLARED CARCINOGENIC CLASS 1B AND MUTAGENIC CLASS 2.
AS PER DIRECTIVE 2004/37/EC (LAST VERSION 26th JUL 2019) OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL: the employer shall ensure that the carcinogen or mutagen is, in so far as is technically possible, manufactured and used in a closed system.